1. Pleasant and cordial behaviour: Firstly, a competent administrator should be pleasant and cordial to his subordinates or employees in his organisation. The greatest asset a person has is good behaviour. High social prestige and achievement in all areas are rewards for good behaviour. A person who behaves effectively is capable of completing all of his tasks successfully and has a peaceful mind. Honesty, nonviolence, faith in God, love, and respect for other creatures are the main qualities of a person who is honest. Virtuous people never transgress, thus they have nothing to fear. They surround themselves with kind people and a pleasant environment. They back up their claims with actions. Workplaces are communities formed by the interactions we form with our coworkers. When these bonds are strong, they can provide a source of energy, knowledge, and support. However, when they fracture, even if only temporarily, they become causes of frustration for people as well as organisations. Even minor disagreements can quickly escalate into rage and bitterness if left uncontrolled. In the workplace, having a good relationship with each other enhances the likelihood of collaboration and success for the entire team. Members of the team will feel more at ease discussing their ideas, issues, and experiences with you. 2. Impartial and unbiased:  He should act in a neutral, unbiased, and unprejudiced manner. Being impartial is a skill that can and should be developed. And it is an important component of establishing a reputation as a good manager and leader. The trait of being fair and unbiased in one's judgement or behaviour is referred to as impartiality. It signifies that one is not swayed by personal feelings, prejudices, or external variables that can impact the outcome of a choice or action. In other terms, an impartial individual is objective and neutral, making judgements only on the facts and information offered. Unbiased and impartial are synonyms for the trait of being fair and objective. However, being objective particularly means that one is not swayed by one's preferences or ideas, which could have an impact on how a decision or action turns out. In contrast to impartiality, which denotes a lack of outside influences, unbiasedness denotes a lack of personal biases. 3. Knowledgeable:  A good administrator should be well-versed in the rules and regulations of the organisation for which he works, as well as how to apply these rules. A good administrator must have the following knowledge and ability to run his office smoothly: v Knowledge of laws, rules, regulations, and policies. v Knowledge of how to operate and perform simple maintenance on a variety of office and communications systems. v Knowledge of certain letter, memo, and report formats. v Knowledge of how to prepare a budget. v Knowledge of office management and supervisory principles. v An ability to make decisions and exercise independent judgment in analysing situations. v Capability to organise, plan, manage, and evaluate the work of subordinates carrying out a range of tasks. v Ability to read and interpret written materials. Ability to comprehend and follow verbal and written directions. v Possessing the ability to use different office tools and computers. v Having the ability for effective written and vocal communication. 4. Monitoring housekeeping: It is required of a good administrator will regularly check the organization's facilities to assess their cleanliness and other factors. Workplace dangers can be reduced or eliminated with good housekeeping. Numerous incidents are frequently caused by poor housekeeping procedures. If paper, clutter, garbage, and spills are considered as common occurrences, then other, more serious dangers might also be taken for granted.   Not merely cleanliness is part of housekeeping. It includes maintaining clean and organised work environments, keeping hallways and floors clear of trip and fall risks, and removing waste and other fire dangers from workplaces. It also necessitates paying attention to crucial particulars including the design of the entire workspace, aisle marking, the suitability of storage options, and upkeep. A fundamental component of incident and fire prevention is good housekeeping. Effective housekeeping is a continuous process; it is not a one-time or sporadic cleanup. Cleaning up in a "panic" is expensive and ineffectual at lowering incidences. 5. Supportive and helpful:  In times of need, he should step forward and offer his staff and employees any assistance he is able to provide. Ideally, supportive leaders do more than just delegate responsibilities. They also demonstrate honesty and real interest in those with whom they collaborate. Building trust, inspiring others, and assisting colleagues in overcoming obstacles are all examples of supportive leadership. Leaders who want to be more supportive of their teams should foster teamwork, pay attention to member relationships, and demonstrate commitment. 6. Firm and strict:  He should be forceful and not be afraid to deal harshly with his organization's mischievous staff. Intelligent administrators recognise that effective leadership necessitates being both severe and accommodating. They establish clear goals and expectations for their personnel and keep them accountable. Tough leaders do not blame others and instead applaud those who deserve it.  Heavy-handed leadership based on authority and toughness can mobilise people to achieve specific goals, but it is a poor long-term bet for leaders, employees, and organisations. Still, a good leadership style necessitates some roughness. Aspiring leaders should never mistake this type of firmness for unbridled despotism.   Effective leadership toughness does not seek to intimidate or instil fear in others. Its existence is based on well-earned respect and trust. It defines itself by being transparent, predictable, and fair. 7. Cost consciousness: A smart administrator should keep track of the many areas where the majority of the organization's revenue is spent. The government's mandate is to direct the economy towards growth while maintaining good service delivery to citizens. This necessitates new programmes and significant spending. While the government has usually been successful in carrying out this mandate, the execution of these operations has been aided by its ability to incur debt and raise taxes, both of which are becoming less possible in the current global economy. The presence of this safety net has produced a government culture that prioritises residents at all costs, resulting in a mindset that does not fully consider the need for long-term cost reduction. From the government's standpoint, the fundamental idea of cost consciousness is to adhere to the fundamental rules for financial propriety set forth in the General Financial Rules, which are as follows: (i) Every officer is expected to exercise the same vigilance in respect of expenditure incurred from public money as a person of ordinary prudence would exercise in respect of expenditure of his own money.  (ii) The expenditure should not be prima facie more than the occasion demands. (iii) No authority should exercise its powers of sanctioning expenditure to pass an order that will be directly or indirectly to its own advantage.  (iv) Expenditure from public money should not be incurred for the benefit of a particular person or a section of the people.

Govt of India, Ministry of Public Grievance & Pension, Deptt of Personnel & Training vide their OM F. No. 31011/17/2023-Estt.A-IV dated 10th August 2023 has issued clarification/modification in the LTC instructions, which may be noted for future compliance by all central govt. employees. which are stipulated as under: Reimbursement of Catering charges in case of LTC- the catering charges levied by the Indian Railway in the eligible trains for LTC shall be allowed for reimbursement. Reimbursement of Cancellation charges levied by airlines/travel agents - In case of official exigencies if air tickets are cancelled, the cancellation charges levied by the airlines & three authorized travel agents i.e. IRCTC, ATT and BLCL shall be reimbursed. Booking of Air Tickets through three Authorized Travel Agents viz. IRCTC, BLCL & ATT in case of employees not entitled to air travel under LTC: The non-entitled employees, if perform a journey by AIR under Special Dispensation Scheme, to the intended place of visit in NE Region, UTs of J&K, Ladakh, A & N are required to book their ticket through three authorised travel agents only, i.e IRCTC, BLCL & ATT. In other cases, it is not mandatory to book an air ticket for the non-entitled employee through these three authorised agents as ultimately their claim will be restricted to actual airfare or train/bus fare as the case may be from the shortest route, whichever is less. However, in case of cancellation of tickets in other cases, cancellation charges shall not be reimbursed to them.

The small Indian state of Manipur has been engulfed in ethnic conflict as the two largest groups, the majority Meitei and the minority Kuki, fight for control of territory and influence. 57% of Manipuri's population is Maitei (primarily Hindu), whereas 43% of Kukis and Nagas practise Christianity. Violence caused loss of life and property Since the start of the violence in May, at least 130 people have died and 400 have been injured. As the army, paramilitary forces, and police work to put an end to the bloodshed, more than 60,000 people have been driven from their homes. Numerous churches, more than a dozen temples, police armouries, and villages have all been devastated. How did it start? Tensions erupted when Kukis started protesting Meitei's claims for official tribal recognition, which they claimed would increase their already substantial influence on the government and society and allow them to purchase land or settle in Kuki-dominated areas. However, there are numerous underlying causes. The Kukis claim that the Meitei-led government's campaign against narcotics is a ruse to evict their towns. Tensions have increased as a result of illegal immigration from Myanmar. An increasing population is putting strain on how land is used, and unemployment has drawn young people into different militias. The Kukis claim that the Meitei-led government's campaign against narcotics is a ruse to evict their towns. Tensions have increased as a result of illegal immigration from Myanmar. An increasing population is putting strain on how land is used, and unemployment has drawn young people into different militias. Tensions have increased as a result of illegal immigration from Myanmar. An increasing population is putting strain on how land is used, and unemployment has drawn young people into different militias. The latest flare-up, however, is almost entirely between the Meitei and the Kuki. Meiteis mostly live in the Imphal Valley, while the Kukis live in the surrounding hills and beyond. The Indian government has deployed 40,000 soldiers, paramilitary troops and police to the region in an attempt to stem the latest round of violence. In addition to running the federal government of India, Bharatiya Janata Party controls the Meitei N Biren Singh-led state government of Manipur. Despite making up 53% of the population, the Meitei also owns 40 of the 60 seats in the regional parliament. The Kukis claim that regions in Mr Singh's recent campaign against the growing of poppies for the heroin trade were targeted. The administration of Mr Singh charged Kuki rebel organisations with stirring up the populace.

Top 10 Most Active Countries in Space. The United States of America The USA proudly commands approximately one-third of the operational spacecraft currently orbiting Earth. The country boasts a space program built upon remarkable achievements such as the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, Space Shuttle, International Space Station (ISS), Mars Exploration Rover - Opportunity, and Mars Rover Curiosity. Since launching its first satellite  Explorer 1  on the evening of January 31, 1958, the United States has maintained a large fleet of satellites for communication, electronic intelligence, missile detection, weather, technology, navigation, and surveillance purposes. Spearheaded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United States is at the forefront of space exploration. 2. China China currently possesses and operates the second-largest fleet of spacecraft in orbit. This includes multiple constellations of navigation, remote sensing, communication, surveillance, and other spacecraft. Additionally, China is one of only three countries with the ability to recover satellites and conduct manned space flights. Some of China's significant space missions include the Tiangong-1 space station, Shenzhou manned space flight program, and the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP). The Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) is responsible for planning and developing national space programs. Meanwhile, the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), a state-owned company, is the prime contractor in charge of designing and developing launch vehicles and satellites, as well as providing commercial launch services. 3. Russian Federation The Russian space program began in 1957 with the launch of the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviet Union. Currently, Russia operates the third-largest fleet of spacecraft, which includes communication, meteorological, and reconnaissance satellites. They have also completed projects such as the Soyuz manned spacecraft, Salyut 1 space station, and Lunokhod 1 space rover. Civilian space activities are overseen by the Russian Federal Space Agency (RosKosmos), while the Russian Space Forces (VKS) handle defence satellite launches and military flight control assets. 4. Japan In February of 1970, Japan successfully launched its first satellite, Osumi, making it the fourth nation in the world to have the capability of launching its own satellites. Today, Japan has a fleet of satellites that are used for communication, meteorology, earth observation, and astronomical observation. Some notable Japanese space programs include the Japanese Experiment Module (KIBO)-ISS, H-II Transfer Vehicle KOUNOTORI5 (HTV5), and H-II launch vehicle. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) controls the national aerospace research and development activities. 5. United Kingdom The United Kingdom launched its first satellite Ariel 1 in 1962, making it the third nation after the USSR and the US to launch an artificial satellite into orbit. It presently operates a large number of satellites including civil and military communications satellites, earth observation satellites, and scientific and exploration spacecraft. The UK is one of the largest monetary contributors to the European Space Agency (ESA) and participates in advanced science and exploration missions such as Bepi Colombo, Euclid and ExoMars Rover carried out by the ESA. The United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA) is responsible for the implementation of the national civil space programme. 6. India Since launching its first satellite Aryabhatta on 19th April 1975, India has sent over 80 spacecraft into orbit. The state-owned Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) oversees the country's space activities, including the operation of communication, earth observation, and navigational satellites such as INSAT, GSAT, and IRNSS series. Some of these satellites, like TES and Cartosat, have both civilian and military applications, while others, like the GSAT-7, are dedicated to serving the military. India made history with its Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), which cost $75m, a fraction of what NASA spent on the MAVEN Mars mission. 7. Canada In 1962, Canada successfully launched its first satellite, Alouette 1, marking the country's entry into space. Since then, Canada has developed a fleet of earth observation satellites such as RADARSAT and SCISAT, communication satellites like ANIK, and science satellites like BRITE. Additionally, they have micro and hybrid spacecraft in operation. The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) oversees the country's space program. However, Canada does not have its own launch system, relying on the US, India, and Russia to launch its spacecraft. 8. Germany In 1969, Germany demonstrated its space exploration prowess to the world with the successful launch of the Azur satellite. Since then, Germany has launched various spacecraft, which include telecommunications, navigation, and earth observation satellites. The country has also been an integral part of significant missions such as the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn and its moons, the European space laboratory Columbus, Dawn - Mission to Vesta and Ceres, and the European Galileo navigation system. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is responsible for implementing the national space program, which supports the German space industry in achieving strategic goals in association with the European programmes linked to the ESA and the European Union. 9. France France has a space program that encompasses both civil and military missions, with the state-owned Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) responsible for implementing the country's space policy in collaboration with industry and the scientific community. There are various types of spacecraft launched into orbit, including earth observation and reconnaissance satellites, electronic signals intelligence satellites, and civil and military communications satellites. France is a significant contributor to the European Space Agency (ESA), which is headquartered in Paris. Toulouse Space Centre is responsible for space research and development, while CNES, ESA, and Arianespace launch missions from the Guiana Space Centre. 10. Luxembourg Luxembourg is a prominent country in the field of space technology, with a significant number of communication and remote-sensing satellites in operation. It is a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and actively conducts space research through its National Action Plan for Space R&D. Luxembourg is also home to the headquarters of two major telecommunications satellite operators, SES (Société Européenne des Satellites) and Intelsat. The Luxembourg Space Cluster brings together specialized companies and government research agencies dedicated to space telecommunications, global navigation satellite systems, location-based services, earth observation, maritime safety and protection, and space technologies.

Space technology is a field that involves applying engineering principles to create and operate devices and systems for space exploration and travel. This study area is crucial for spaceflight, Earth observation, and activities such as astronautics involving extraterrestrial exploration. The applications of space technology are vast, including exploring other planets, studying the universe, and providing various benefits, communication and navigation services for human activities. India in Space Technology: India's history of space technology dates back to the 1960s when the Indian Committee for Space Research was established. Since then, India has made significant strides in the field of space technology, particularly in agriculture, telecommunications, weather forecasting, and disaster management. With exceptional rocket technology advancements in propellant theory, rocket design, and more, Indian scientists have established themselves as leaders in the field. Before independence, Indian scientists like S.K. Mittra, Chandrashekhar Venkata Raman, and Meghnath Saha conducted experiments on the ionosphere and contributed to the development of space technology. After independence, eminent scientists like Dr Vikram Sarasbhai and Dr Homi Jehangir Bhabha spearheaded organized space research in India. Since then, India has established itself as a significant player in rocketry, with the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station becoming operational in 1963. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was also established at Sriharikota to give further impetus to space research programs in India. Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan played a major role in pioneering exploration activities by launching several satellites aimed at providing communication, meteorology, remote sensing, and direct-to-home television broadcasting. India has achieved remarkable success with the launch of Aryabhata, India's first master satellite aimed at growing advanced technology in agricultural fields and weather forecasting, and Bhaskara I. India has also made further progress by launching its programs on INSAT, which helped grow nationwide direct-to-home telecommunications. Moreover, India has received a lot of appreciation from developed countries like the UK, USA, and USSR, who not only supported India but also helped introduce new knowledge. Overall, space technology in India has been one of the biggest scientific successes, enabling India to compete with the rest of the world in providing the latest scientific experiments. With India's exceptional scientific capabilities, it is no surprise that the nation is poised to achieve even more significant milestones in space technology.

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